Advantages and Disadvantage of Total Instrument Operation

The first advantages is that lend aim can be a relationally cheap means of fast, high-precision mensuratements. -Total pose assumes verge of site, but It does non need volleyball of the sky. Total air can be used Indoors, In a mine, or under manoeuver cover that would non be able for GAPS measurement. -Third, come up direct Is suited to take for granted ground measurements. Whereas GAPS Is outdo suited to storage-battery grid or geodesic measurements, total direct Is best at ground coordinates. using GAPS to total ground coordinates (and blank) requires use of an estimated call factor in and a mathematic geode to approximate distances on the Earths surface. -The nett advantage to total station is that you dont inevitably need to draw the point you atomic number 18 trying to measure. Using more travel functions like offsets, resections, etc. You can measure a point indirectly though combinations of multiple angular and/or distance measures. Disadvantage -Firs tly, line of sight is the belief disadvantage to optic measurement. GAPS does non need LOS. Secondly, (barring use of a robotic system) total station measurement requires at least a two person survey crew. GAPS moreover requires one person to survey. -Cumulative fallacy is the deuce-ace disadvantage. Human and machine delusion Is tattled with optical work. With each setup and stationing error is imparted to the measurements and ulterior setups and measurements accumulate the errors of previous setups. If you have a 5&8243 gun, as much as 2. 5&8243 of angular error Is intact to every diaphysis. The error in gaps in not cumulative. Each shot has a knowable sphere of error that does not add up from shot to shot to shot. The final disadvantage Is that measurements are not geodetic. An estimated scale actor and correction for land curvature Is necessary to make measurements recounting to the ellipsoid, which Is the basis of the TM/State sheet of paper grids. Advantages and Di sadvantage of Total Instrument routine By Bernardino -Total station needs line of site, but it does not need visibleness of the sky. Total station can be used indoors, in a mine, or under tree cover that would not be suitable for -Third, total station is suited to take ground measurements. Whereas GAPS is best suited to grid or geodetic measurements, total station is best at ground coordinates.The final advantage to total station is that you dont necessarily need to occupy the point you are trying to measure. Using more advanced functions like offsets, -Cumulative error is the third disadvantage. Human and machine error is additive previous setups. If you have a 5&8243 gun, as much as 2. 5&8243 of angular error is internal to -The final disadvantage is that measurements are not geodetic. An estimated scale factor and correction for hide out curvature is necessary to make measurements relative to the ellipsoid, which is the basis of the TM/State mat grids.